The Concept of Creativity

Introduction Based on the work of Kirby Ferguson, it can be stated that the concept of creativity arises not out of nothingness; rather, it is the result of applying ordinary mental tools within the mind onto existing materials in order to produce new results (Vogel et al., 2011). In order to better understand such a concept, it is important to first know what the various elements of creativity are and how they impact the creative process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Concept of Creativity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The elements of creativity are composed of the following: Cognitive – Cognitive elements within the creative process refer to an individual’s basic knowledge regarding particular processes (whether generalized or specializing in a specific field), their attraction towards complexity (e.g. their innate ability to analyze and combine ideas into new areas or dimensions ), their general open-mindedness towards new discoveries and finally their awareness of the creative process itself. Affective – Affective elements on the other hand refer to an individual’s intrinsic level of curiosity, willingness to explore, their ability to take risks and their general independence towards following generally accepted processes and procedures in order to attempt something new. Combined with the cognitive elements of creativity this in effect enables an individual to examine current processes from multiple angles and actually desire to implement new methods which could potentially improve such processes. Based on the study of De Miranda, Aranha Zardo (2009) which examines the development of creativity within individuals over time, it can be stated that as an individual’s cognitive and affective elements grow so too does their ability to explore and become more creative (De Miranda, Aranha Zardo, 2009). Personal – The personal aspect of creativity is slightly different in that it refers to an individual’s innate talent with a particular type of skill set as compared to something that was acquired over time.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to an individual’s personal perspective on creativity, this often takes the form of new concepts being applied to new experiences in order to create new outputs as compared to situations without sufficient creativity wherein new concepts/ideas are actually made to fit onto old theories which often results in inefficient or ineffective practices (Vogel et al., 2011). Motivational – The motivational aspect of the creative process is related to an individual’s drive towards a particular type of project, assignment, job or piece of work that they are currently working on. The desire to design, create and enhance in this particular c ase is not due to external influences but rather as a direct result of an internal desire which manifests itself as an aspect of the creative process. ( ) explains this by stating that creativity is not something that can be forced, rather, it is an internal process that develops as a direct result of the desire of a person to develop or enhance something they are working on. Thus, the motivational aspect of creativity is one of the most important elements since it acts as the spark which lights the fire of creativity in the first place. Applying Logical and Creative Problem Solving to Real World Problems When examining the work of Demirkan Hasirci (2009) on creativity and its various applications, it was noted that what we know as creativity at the present may have arisen as an evolutionary response to problems encountered by early humans on a daily basis (Demirkan Hasirci, 2009). Creativity, as described by Demirkan Hasirci (2009), can be considered a thought process that is me ant to address problematic situations in an alternative manner as compared to a more straightforward approach that became ineffective (Demirkan Hasirci, 2009). This manifests itself in various stages in a person’s life and attains its zenith during a person’s adult years when they become 30 to 35 years old. Logical and creative problem solving is thus limited not only by life experience, which is inversely proportional to age, but is also limited by a person’s inherent set of skills when it comes to particular problems (Holm-Hadulla Hofmann, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Concept of Creativity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, an individual that utilizes logic and creativity when it come to resolving a problem related to electrical engineering, may not have the same level of creative thinking when it comes to resolving an issue involving computer graphics o r architecture (Holm-Hadulla Hofmann, 2012). Thus, logical thinking and creativity should not be considered applicable to all cases; rather, it would be more accurate to consider such factors being utilized in two distinct categories, namely: general experiences and specific knowledge (Joo, Song, Lim Yoon, 2012). General experiences is the application of logic and creativity on daily experiences, this can come in the form of daily social interactions, handling everyday tasks, as well as other actions that are normally associated with the daily activities of a normal person (Joo, Song, Lim Yoon, 2012). Specific knowledge on the other hand refers to the application of logic and creativity on actions/events that entail the application of unique pieces of knowledge that are applicable to individuals within specific fields (Lemons, 2005). This can entail the application of logic and creativity in aspects related to solving problems in architecture, computer programming, engineering an d other such activities that require extensive knowledge within a particular field. Hypothesized Application of Creative Problem Solving Hypothesis: Creativity is an essential part of the learning process due to the way in which it examines and tries to improve upon knowledge that has already been internalized. When it comes to the application of creativity, it is important to note that there are three essential elements that are present which result in the creative process. These elements are composed of the following concepts:Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Copy – the element of copying within creativity is actually a manifestation of the learning process wherein people â€Å"copy† the relevant information they need and internalize it for later use. This internalization is an essential aspect of the process of creativity since it in effect acts as the initial blueprint from where all future ideas stem from. Transform – the element of transformation occurs when information that was initially copied and internalized is examined and thought of in new ways. While it has yet to be applied into anything specific, the information is no longer the same as it once was since it has been modified based on other perspectives and internalized concepts. Combine – the process of combination involves utilizing the transformed knowledge within a real life situation which in effect creates a new solution as compared to merely utilizing the knowledge in the same way in order to create the same solution. What must be understood is that creative problem solving can actually be utilized as a tool to improve learning by enabling an individual to perceive distinct problems from multiple angles. The inherent problem with linear methods of learning, which presents information in a straightforward fashion, is that it encourages people to think in only a certain way. While this may seem like a perfectly normal aspect of learning, the fact is that multifaceted approach is a far more effective means of learning and producing ideas as compared to a linear method of understanding. Linear learning results in an individual perceiving lessons in only a certain fashion and applying them in narrowly specific way, the inherent problem with this is that when presented with a situation that entails out of the box thinking, those who have been indoctrinated into a linear form of learning usually are not able to develop the necessary solutions to resolve a new issue. A multifaceted approach on the other hand utilizes focuses o n incorporating creative problem solving skills at the very inception of the lesson (Chen Chen, 2012). This means that learners are presented with multiple approaches to choose from and are guided towards choosing which option they perceive is the best course of action. By utilizing this particular method of learning, learners are thus able to adapt to different situations and are able to incorporate lessons that they learned into new situations they encounter (MacLaren, 2012). Evidence of improved learning outcomes when incorporating creative problem solving in the learning process can actually be seen in the case of the U.S. system of education (Livingston, 2010). At the present, funding for public schools within various U.S. districts is inherently connected to the performance of students in tests as well as in national tests administered by the government. Schools that have underperforming students based on government standards actually receive reduced funding due to what is pe rceived as a â€Å"failure â€Å"in the teaching ability of the school. It is due to this that public schools within the U.S. often implement a linear militaristic form of education wherein students are taught how to answer tests yet are not given the necessary tools to properly understand the lessons behind arriving at the answers (Chen Chen, 2012). As a result of such actions, it has been determined by numerous studies that a vast percentage of the present day generation of students within the U.S. public school system have been formed into nothing more than â€Å"parrots† who repeat answers and lack the sufficient ability to apply the lessons taught into actual situations (Livingston, 2010). On the other end of the spectrum, private schools within the U.S. implement an entirely different method of teaching which does not utilize a linear militaristic form of teaching, rather they utilize a multifaceted approach wherein they incorporate creative problem solving to variou s lessons and help students understand the processes behind the lessons being taught to them and how to properly apply such lessons within actual real world scenarios. The end result is that students from private schools in the U.S. have been shown to be far smarter and far more capable as compared to their counterparts in the public school system, Conclusion Based on what has been presented in this paper so far, it can be stated that creativity is an essential part of the learning process due to the way in which it examines and tries to improve upon knowledge that has already been internalized. Reference List Chen, I., Chen, J. (2012). Creativity strategy selection for the higher education system. Quality Quantity, 46(3), 739-750. De Miranda, P. C., Aranha, J. S., Zardo, J. (2009). Creativity: people, environment and culture, the key elements in its understanding and interpretation. Science   Public Policy (SPP), 36(7), 523-535. Demirkan, H., Hasirci, D. (2009). Hidden Dimens ions of Creativity Elements in Design Process. Creativity Research Journal, 21(2/3), 294-301. Holm-Hadulla, R., Hofmann, F. (2012). Counselling, psychotherapy and creativity.  Asia Pacific Journal Of Counselling Psychotherapy, 3(2), 130-136. Joo, B., Song, J., Lim, D., Yoon, S. (2012). Team creativity: the effects of perceived learning culture, developmental feedback and team cohesion. International  Journal Of Training Development, 16(2), 77-91. Lemons, G. (2005). When the Horse Drinks: Enhancing Everyday Creativity Using Elements of Improvisation. Creativity Research Journal, 17(1), 25-36. Livingston, L. (2010). Teaching Creativity in Higher Education. Arts Education Policy  Review, 111(2), 59-62. MacLaren, I. (2012). The contradictions of policy and practice: creativity in higher education. London Review Of Education, 10(2), 159-172 Vogel, T., Villegas, J., Barry, I., Hurni, R., Ortega, T., Griffin, G. (2011). Creativity as a strategic resource. American Academy Of Adv ertising Conference Proceedings, 132-133. This research paper on The Concept of Creativity was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Professional Nurse Responsibility

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Professional Nurse Responsibility Nursing Essay Example on Professional Nurse Responsibility What Is a Professional Nurse? A registered nurse is educated and certified according to the legislation of the state. It is highly recommended for a nurse to get at least a Masters degree as she must be able to provide first aid and diagnose a wide range of diseases. Besides, most of the countries let nurses prescribe medication and provide private nursing services. In this case, a nurse takes all the responsibility and obviously must have a high level of education and practical skills. A professional nurses activities are not limited to everyday medical manipulations; attention must be also paid to self-improvement, social work, and enhancement of nursing system as a whole. These aspects are realized through professional nurses associations, which protect the nurses rights and solve various conflict situations arising in the process of daily practice.

10 Body Language Tips for Success

10 Body Language Tips for Success You can talk a good game, but if you don’t back it up with body language that says, â€Å"I’m confident and know what I’m talking about,† there’s a good chance you won’t get the professional consideration you deserve. Think of body language as an extension of your work dress code. These 10 tips will help you perfect that extra layer of confidence in interviews, meetings, or conversations with colleagues.1. Don’t slouch.Slumping is one of the biggest underminers of strong body language. It suggests you’re disinterested or unsure of yourself. So make sure you sit up straight, and keep those shoulders up and slightly back (not hunched around your ears).2. Shake hands like a pro.The best handshake is strong, but doesn’t crush. If you grip too tightly, it can be interpreted as a sign of aggression. If you barely grip at all, it suggests you’re timid or afraid of confrontation. Extend your right hand to the shake-ee with your palm flat and perpendicular to the ground (with your thumb straight up if you need a guide to help you remember the stance). Do 2-3 hearty pumps, be sure to make eye contact while you’re greeting the person, and then withdraw your hand. Don’t linger too long, or it can get a little awkward.3. Unclench the fists.If you find yourself clenching your fists while talking to someone, loosen up. Clenched fists suggest anger or being closed off to the conversation, even if you’re not doing it on purpose. Try to keep your hands loose. If you need something to occupy them, try taking notes, holding them casually in your lap, or keeping your arms relaxed at your sides. If you’re looking to join a brawl, be sure to put those dukes up. In a normal conversation, not so much.4. Loosen those limbs.Crossed arms are a great way to say â€Å"I don’t want to be here† or â€Å"I don’t want to hear what you’re saying.† They close you of f from the person who’s talking. Instead of crossing your arms, try to hold them loosely at your sides, elbows slightly bent, or hold them gently in your lap.5. The eyes have it.The right level of eye contact can be a toughie, especially if you’re someone who has trouble with it due to shyness or whatever reason. Practice is really the key here. Spend time talking casually with a friend or family member and ask them questions about your level of eye contact. That way, you can find out what you may be doing unconsciously, and find a style that’s comfortable for you.Blinking too much can indicate nervousness, while blinking too little can seem like an aggressive challenge to a staring contest. Try to find a middle ground- and while talking with others, be conscious of your blink rate and how the other person is responding.6. Keep your emotions in check.No matter how annoying or wrong your coworker’s statement may be, don’t roll your eyes or let a sco wl show on your face. Try to stay neutral while you’re talking to the person. Vent later if you need to, but your facial expressions can show disrespect and sandbag your relationship with the person. It’s especially important to keep a neutral expression if you’re talking to a higher-up at work or an interviewer.7. Don’t fidget.Personally, I find this one the hardest- my hands just want to be doing something all the time, whether I’m hanging out and having a casual conversation or talking in a meeting. Moving your hands a lot or playing with your hair/watch/etc. can be distracting to the listener, and undermine what you’re trying to say. If you need to be doing something, try taking notes. If it helps to keep your hands still, fold them in your lap or on the table in front of you.8. Don’t be a bobblehead.Nodding too vigorously makes you look too anxious to agree or like you’re agreeing to something without really listening.9. F ace the music.Try to face the person you’re talking to head-on. Turning away makes the person think you’re disinterested or trying to hide something. Facing the person with good listening posture shows you’re engaged in the conversation.10. Don’t be a clockwatcher.If your eyes keep drifting over to the clock, the person you’re talking to is likely to notice and feel either insulted or rushed- neither which makes for a productive discussion.No matter what you’re saying, your body language can betray (or bolster) your words. If you ooze confidence, calm, and competence, your words will carry so much more weight.

Implication of Dicey's Definition on the Rule of Law Essay

Implication of Dicey's Definition on the Rule of Law - Essay Example Implication of Dicey’s definition on the ‘rule of law’; The implication of Dicey definition can be explained in three-fold: to prevent state from harassing citizens by means passing dubious laws, to exude the notion that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law and finally to protect the rights of the common citizen by limiting action of the state2. The role of prerogative powers was to offer flexible remedies where common law failed. This is due the rigidity of the common law3. In today’s world the control of exercise of the prerogative powers is normally exercised by way of judicial review4. Since there is no codification of the prerogative powers, the judicial officers through the judicial review process have become the final arbiters in determining what actually forms the prerogative powers. It is also concerned with checking the extent to which such powers are used (Pollard D et. Al 2007 p 42). In the enjoyment of prerogative powers it is important tha t these powers are actually defined and given a scope that is quite free from discretionary interpretation as this brings about a lot of inconsistency in interpretation of the law (Brayzer R, 1999 p 339). The English courts have given a wide interpretation of prerogative. In a decision in the case R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Northumbria Police Authority5 prerogative powers was taken to mean doing whatever was necessary in order to avert what is considered threat to peace. The Dicey construction or rule of law makes every citizen have equal rights in the eyes of the law (Dicey A.V 1959 p 424). Upholding this, Lord Denning in the English case of Gourriet v. HM Attorney General6 stated that â€Å"Be you ever so high, the law is above you. The Attorney General has no prerogative to dispense with or suspend the law of England." This is always the prima facie stand in terms of being equal in the eyes of the law (Pollard D et. Al 2007 p 42). This has raised se veral debates. When we say equality before the law should mean that no one has special treatment yet at the same time the prerogative powers are enjoyed only by the Crown7. The scope and general prerogative powers It is quite difficult to actually and narrowly determine the province of prerogative powers8. Prerogative powers exist by the dint of common law. No new prerogatives can be established (Pollard D et. Al. 2007 p 82) . However, prerogatives can be abolished through enactment of statutes. Prerogative has to be exercised in accordance with the statute. This was shown in R v. Secretary of State for Fire Department ex parte Fire Brigade Union9. This case showed that there was no prerogative to deviate from what the statute clearly stated. Here the secretary of state was precluded from implementing another statutory in lieu of the one that the statute had provided for. The prerogative powers exists in the form of the Crowns powers to appoint the Prime Minister, the power of Royal mercy among others. Historical origin and developments In the history the prerogative were vested on the King or the Crown. The King then delegated the judicial powers to the judicial officers who then who exercised the prerogative on the behalf of the Crown. The constitutional Convention is the rules that are used for determining the mode in Crown exercises its discretionary powers. These discretionary pow

Food Microbiology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Food Microbiology - Lab Report Example Results indicate the overall standard in terms of hygiene of food processing and the food chain. The microbial levels permitted for food to be determined safe are regulated by law. The study is carried out in three stages performed as three experiments. In the first experiment, aerobic plate count is done for E.coli count and coliform count on given food item (Roberts, D, 2003, Gilbert et al, 2000). It is evident that coliforms and E.coli are present in human faeces. Their presence in food items can indicate post processing contamination. The aerobic count is used to determine the overall level of microbial contamination of food items and provides an indication for poor processing or post processing techniques especially where the count exceed the legal permitted levels. In the second experiment pre-cooked food is observed for faecal contamination. In the third experiment the quality of milk samples (pasteurized and raw) are checked for the presence of fecal contamination. The Petri dish with colonies between 15 and 300 were selected to be significant in number whereas Petri plates with TMTC (too many to count) were not considered to be significant. Calculation is performed with the formula mentioned. Plates with dilution factor of 10-8 showed no growth and hence it is reported as Discussion: The serial dilutions, or successive dilution of a specimen e.g. 1:10 dilution equals 1 ml of sample plus 9 ml of diluents, a 1:100 dilution equals 1 ml of a 1:10 dilution plus 9 ml of diluents. This is the process to enhance the probability of finding the most probable microorganism even at higher dilution. If the microorganism is present in the highest dilution then this is depicted when inoculated on the medium solidified on Petri

Need of Education Essay Example for Free

Need of Education Essay Examples: a) School qualifications no training semiskilling work b) School qualifications apprenticeship skilled worker/skilled employee c) Lower/intermediate secondary school qualifications apprenticeship master craftsman d) University entrance qualifications apprenticeship additional training occupation e) University entrance qualifications apprenticeship higher education executive position f) University entrance qualifications higher education executive position These examples illustrate that there are two ways of looking at the benefits of training. The first, which is marginal in one sense, answers the question of what benefits are to be obtained from adding a further stage to the training path already completed. The second is more typical and concerned with the incomes to be obtained from specific training routes. A comparison is made between the incomes attained at 30 years of age and those resulting from the next lower training path. This may be, for example, the benefits of an enterprise-based apprenticeship on the road to an academic qualification (path 6 compared with path 5). The additional income minus the costs of training produces (allowing for interest) the return on the training investment. From a macroeconomic viewpoint, investments in education and training are, to a certain degree, investments in the infrastructure, and the return on such investments becomes apparent only in the long term. The concept of benefits also includes other aspects which need to be kept apart. It is helpful in the first instance to distinguish between the benefits resulting from the efficiency of the education system and its quantitative performance, on the one hand, and the benefits in terms of subsequent yields (economic growth, low unemployment, tax revenues) on the other. The efficiency benefit is the ability of the education and training system to train the younger generation in suitable institutions so as to minimize the costs of students repeating classes or dropping out of higher education and thus reduce excessively long education and training periods. The benefits from vocational education and training are also associated with the allocative functions of the labour market. One function of vocational education and training is to ensure that the supply of labour matches demand. A training system should at least produce approximately those qualifications which are required on the labour market. There are therefore two sides to the benefits of investments in training. In formal terms, the benefit is the return on a long-term investment, but this return results from the allocative effects of the labour market. It would be an excessively narrow perspective if researchers were to look only at the return on investment in terms of human capital. And concentrating exclusively on the allocative aspects of the labour market would ignore the fact that education and training are an investment in themselves. There is also a third aspect to consider. Return on investment calculations can normally encompass only the direct costs and benefits, i. e. the returns of the first type. But investments in education and training also have effects on other areas. There may be positive or negative effects of a second type. Positive (synergy) effects occur when investments in education and training at one point raise productivity at another. These include in particular education and training investments which equip their recipients to work in research and development. Negative secondary effects occur in the form of redundancies when lesser qualified employees are replaced by their more qualified counterparts. There are numerous ways in which expenses may be refunded for training outside the workplace (refunding), e. g. by employers and employment offices. These refunds are deducted from individual expenses in the costs model (cf.Figure 6, p. 232). The survey aimed, first, to establish the direct costs, i. e. expenses directly associated with the continuing training measure as such (course and event fees, spending on learning materials, travelling expenses, board and lodging, cost of child care where applicable, and all other costs directly associated with participation in continuing training programmes). The survey also looked at indirect, or opportunity, costs. Unlike direct costs, indirect costs entail no expenses, but arise in the form of lost earnings (e. g.  unpaid leave or reduced working hours for continuing training purposes, but not the hypothetical earnings of someone who was previously unemployed) and the loss of leisure time. The leisure time lost consists of that time spent exploring the market, the time invested in the actual training programme, travelling time, preparation and follow-up and, in some cases, paid leave. However, the yardsticks used to convert the loss of leisure time into fictitious costs are ultimately based entirely on random decisions. Even the net income earned from employment, which would be a plausible choice, does not provide a suitable measure here. Either the individual may not consider taking paid employment during leisure time unless it is moonlighting or may regard it as a consumer good rather than a loss of leisure time. For this reason, the BIBB survey was limited to recording the amount of leisure time lost and no attempt was made to place a monetary value on it. Neither was it possible to apply any rules for evaluating the benefits. While it is quite clear that the profitability of continuing training is determined by the benefits, the input encompasses not only the time and money invested, but also the physical and mental exertion associated with learning. Private individuals, just like companies, are willing to subject themselves to continuing training only if it yields overall rewards. But these rewards depend on whether the training is a consumer good and the benefits are to be found in actual consumption, or whether it has been chosen for career, i. e. economic, reasons. Economic benefits may arise in many different ways: continuing training may serve to refresh knowledge, to adjust to new developments, to secure promotion and raise status, or else to avoid unemployment. Another consideration is that the benefits are normally not yet visible at the actual time of training. Those who opt for continuing training hope it will secure them promotion or save them from unemployment. Whether these objectives are actually attained emerges at a later stage. It is therefore objectively impossible to isolate the economic benefits of continuing training from other benefit factors. For this reason the survey was limited to presenting the respondents with a list of benefits and asking them to rate their importance in qualitative terms. http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/Files/RR1_Kau. pdf.

Savannah and Chloe Essay -- Personal Narrative Friendship Essays

Savannah and Chloe Have you ever watched a friendship fall apart? It’s an interesting thing to experience. What’s truly amazing is that there are obvious signs, but few people recognize them in time to stop it. This is what happened to me. This is the friendship that I watched slide through the cracks. This is my story. Savannah and I had been friends since the second grade. We lived next door to each other. We were in the choir together. We walked home from school together. We were inseparable. We were often referred to as one person. We were no longer individuals. Like Mary-Kate and Ashley, we became Savannah and Chloe. I remember those years well. Savannah would be outside with her sister, and without a second thought would run through our front door to grab something to eat or go to the bathroom. The same privileges were given to me. I would charge through her front door without a moment’s hesitation. This was just the way we lived our lives. It was expected of us. After all, we were Savannah and Chloe. This plot continued through elementary school and into the summer before our sixth grade year. Our lives had been relatively simple until that time. School. Choir. Friendship. That was all we had to worry about. That is, until that fateful day when my mother told me that she had met someone. It had always been just her and me. So once Jack came into the picture, life took on a completely different aura. Not only did I acquire a new stepfather, but two stepsisters as well. This sudden multiplication of people created chaos. I began spending more time with my family, getting to know the newest members. Savannah quickly became friends with my step siblings. We all spent time together ... ... since that night. She got married in April of 2004. I wasn't there. I couldn't bring myself to watch from the outside. Since the moment we met, we had based our relationship on all or nothing. I couldn't be just another face in the crowd. I've heard that Savannah is living a happy life with Mark. They bought a house and are planning on starting a family. There have been times that I've wanted to call her, but I know our relationship would never be the same. She is a different person now and so am I. I've grown up. I've realized that relationships aren't always durable. I've learned that the people you love the most can hurt you the most. I’ve learned that sometimes you wake up and friendships are over. You are no longer a part of their life. You are now a part of their past. A fond memory. A distant thought. Whatever you call it, it is the past.

Teacher/Student Memorandum

The paper aims to provide new knowledge and view in the legalization of a harmful substance or drug. The paper’s purpose is to let people understand the sides of argument. The topic caught my interest and I figure that drug abuse is a timeless tale in the society that concerns every one of us. Through research on the topic, I was able to learn so much from it and the alarming statistics of marijuana usage.Writing the paper is not easy. I was having a difficult time trying to arrange the enormous facts I was able to gather and present them in a way that the reader will not be overwhelmed by it. The paper is well-researched and well-written. People will get a lot of insights from the paper. Revision is improving my writing skills and the paper should be subjected first to criticisms before I will revise it.The paper is about legalization of marijuana. I did not expound more on the effects of marijuana to humans that might help the reader understand more of the topic. The paper i s regarded as an intellectual piece that is full of knowledge and view. It serves my purpose to inform and to impart knowledge on people. I would like people to react on what they think of the data and if they agree or disagree on the proposal of legalizing the drug. I want people to be critical when they read my paper.Should Marijuana be Legalized? One of the most persistent problems of the society is drug addiction. Drug addiction is a very crucial dilemma in the society. Using illegal drugs poses threats not only on the health of the people but it also creates other dangers to the society. One of the illicit drugs that are commonly used by people is the marijuana.The use of marijuana is the most common in the United States (â€Å"NIDA InfoFacts: Marijuana†). There are various reasons why some people attempt to use marijuana. And as such, when the individual has been addicted to it, dependency, withdrawal symptoms and the craving for the drug make it difficult and almost impossible to quit using the drug. Long duration of marijuana intake can lead to people’s addiction on the substance.They feel the need to use the drug even though it interferes with their school, family and recreational activities. As the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, statistics shows that over 83 million Americans within a particular age bracket have tried to use marijuana at least once.The use of marijuana is considered illegal according to the current legal system. But there are arguments clamoring for the legalization of the use of marijuana due to the claims of its health benefits in some psychological and mental conditions. But the legalization of the drug posed new problems of drug abuse especially among children and adolescents.Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)Marijuana is the psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis Sativa. The drug is composed of the dried flowers and leaves of the plant. Evidences claimed that marijuana is used since the early times and during the 20th century due to its prevalent use in medicinal, spiritual and recreational purposes. Evidences have proven the existence of the marijuana and its relevance in the religious rituals and practices of other countries.Marijuana is consumed in various ways. Inhaling and oral intake of marijuana are two of the most common ways of usin g the substance. Over the years, certain devices such as joints and smoking pipes were developed to aid in the intake of marijuana. Each society has a different method in preparing the plant before it can be consumed.The increasing use of this drug both for legal and illegal purposes became alarming. And as such, the possession, intake and selling of the various psychoactive substances from cannabis became illegal in most countries.   Thus, majority of the countries have already enforced laws prohibiting the proliferation of the drug.Intake of marijuana is most of the time detrimental to the health of the people dependent on it. A recent study conducted by the Canadian researchers found out that the smoke coming from the marijuana contains a higher level of toxic substances than the normal tobacco smoke. The toxic substances include ammonia and hydrogen cyanide making it a greater risk for health problems (â€Å"Marijuana Smoke Contains Higher Levels of Certain Toxins than Tobacc o Smoke†).Legal Status and Decriminalization of MarijuanaSince the start of the 20th century, most countries have already enacted laws prohibiting the possession, cultivation and use of marijuana. The laws created considerable impacts on the legal and non-recreational purposes of the plant. Because of this, there are some regions wherein the handling of the cannabis sativa is considered legal.There are jurisdictions that lessened the penalties for the possession and use of marijuana in small quantities. The offense is penalized by a fine or confiscation of the substance, instead of imprisonment. The laws focused more on the trafficking of the drug in the black market.Some jurisdictions, on the other hand, focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of the children and frequent users of marijuana. Other jurisdictions allowed the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Some countries retain the restrictive notion making drug tests mandatory, particularly in Canada, Denmark, Net herlands and United Kingdom. In some countries, simple possession of the drug is punishable by life sentence or execution.Although the use of marijuana remains as illegal, marijuana possesses a superior safety record as compared with other legal drugs. Misuse of over-the-counter and prescription drugs had caused death to a great number of Americans each year, while marijuana is one of the drugs with the lowest cause of fatality.There has not yet been a known case of over-dosage for marijuana causing death (Gerber & Sperling 84). Despite the instituted laws that prohibit possessing, cultivating, using and selling of marijuana, many people are opposing the enacted law and claim for the decriminalization of the handling of marijuana.The claims are based on the health benefits and non-drug purposes served by the plant. One of the non-drug purposes of the marijuana is its function in the industry. The common name of marijuana is hemp and cultivation license may be acquired from the Europ ean Union for the industrial purposes of marijuana. Fiber and fuel are the main products of industrial hemp cultivation.

5-Pen Pc Technology Essay

P-ISM is a â€Å"Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package†. This technology is a technology of five gadget package which has five functions: 1. Pen-style cellular phone provide handwriting data input function. 2. Virtual Keyboard. 3. Compact size Projector. 4. Camera Scanner. 5. Personal ID key with cashless pass function. These five gadgets communicate with each other by the use of short-range wireless technology. This technology uses the cellular phone function to set up a connection with the internet . Bluetooth is extensively used because this technology permits to transmit data(like songs, files, photos, phone numbers etc.) or construct connections without wires. This is very effective because we can able to connect at anywhere and at anytime without having wires. They are used at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use different access mechanisms). Blue tooth mechanism is used for exchanging signal status information between two devices. This techniques have been developed that do not require communication between the two devices (such as Blue tooth’s Adaptive Frequency Hopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information exchange capabilities within the designs of the Bluet ooth. LED Projector: The LED Projector takes the place of monitor which projects on the screen. The size of the projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it gives more clarity and good picture. Virtual Keyboard: Virtual Laser Keyboard (VLK)is a new gadget for PC users which replaces the hardware—keyboard. It through laser beam onto the desk or onto the flat surface where you can find the full-size perfectly operating QWERTY arrangement keyboard which connects to the PC as well as to other handheld devices(PDA’s , tablet PC’s etc.). Digital Camera: Its working is like the webcam, you can do video recording, video conferencing with it. It can connect with other devices and because of its small size you can carry it in your pocket. It has 360 degree visual communication device. Battery: Usually the laptops and other devices comes with the battery life of 4 hours , 6 hours etc. but this small device has the battery life of 6+(i.e. 6 days) and for normal use its battery work for 2 weeks. Author:-Ms. Deepti Gupta September 20, 2012 http://www.blog.gurukpo.com/5-pen-pc-technology 5 Pen PC Technology Documentation Free Download P-ISM (â€Å"Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package†), which is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. 5 Pen PC Technology is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. 5 Pen PC Technology are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing. In fact, no-one expects much activity on 802.11n installations until the middle of 2008. â€Å"Rolling out 802.11n would mean a big upgrade for customers who already have full Wi-Fi coverage, and would be a complex add-on to existing wired networks, for those who haven’t. Bluetooth is widely used because we can able to transfer data or make connections without wires. 5 Pen PC Technology is very effective because we can able to connect whenever we need without having wires. 5 Pen PC Technology are used at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use different access mechanisms). Blue tooth mechanism is used for exchanging signal status information between two devices. 5 Pen PC Technology techniques have been developed that do not require communication between the two devices (such as Blue tooth’s Adaptive Frequency Hopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information exchange capabilities within the designs of the Blue tooth. The circuit diagram for the 802.11B/G is given below. It is nothing but also type of Blue tooth. Using this connectivity we can also connect it with the internet and can access it anywhere in the world. LED Projector: The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of the projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is gives more clarity and good picture. Virtual Keyboard: The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA’s, tablet PC’s). The I-Tech laser keyboard acts exactly like any other â€Å"ordinary† keyboard: Features of virtual keyboards are: 1.VKB settings can be changed by Sound:   2.Controllable Virtual Keyboard sound effects (key clicks) 3.Connection: Connection to the appropriate Laptop/PC port 4.Intensity: Intensity of the projected Virtual Keyboard   5.Timeouts: coordinated timeouts to conserve the Virtual Keyboard’s battery life 6.Sensitivity: adjustable sensitivity of the Virtual Keyboard 7.Auto-repeat: Allows the VKB to automatically repeat a key based on prescribed parameters. Battery: The most important part in the portable type of computer is its battery. Usually batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. It comes with a battery life of 6+. For normal use it can be used for 2 weeks.This ‘pen sort of instrument’ produces both the monitor as well as the keyboard on any flat surfaces from where you can carry out functions you would normally do on your desktop computer. REFERENCE:- 2012/07/5 http://university-help.blogspot.com Posted by Mahesh

Sophocles Oedipus Summary

Sophocles Oedipus Summary Originally performed at the ​City Dionysia, probably in the second year of the Athenian Plague 429 B.C., Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannos (frequently Latinized as Oedipus Rex) won second prize. We dont have the play that won first to compare, but Oedipus Tyrannos is considered by many to be the best Greek tragedy. Overview The city of Thebes wants its rulers to fix its current problem, an outbreak of divinely-sent pestilence. Prophecies reveal the means to the end, but Oedipus the ruler, who is committed to the cause of Thebes, doesnt realize he is at the root of the problem. The tragedy shows his gradual awakening. Structure of Oedipus Tyrannos Prologue (1-150)Parodos (151-215)First Episode (216-462)First Stasimon (463-512)Second Episode (513-862) Kommos (649-697)Second Stasimon (863-910)Third Episode (911-1085)Third Stasimon (1086-1109)Fourth Episode (1110-1185)Fourth Stasimon (1186-1222)Exodus (1223-1530) Source: Oedipus Tyrannos edited by by R.C. Jebb The divisions of ancient plays were marked by interludes of choral odes. For this reason, the first song of the chorus is called the parodos (or eisodos because the chorus enters at this time), although the subsequent ones are called stasima, standing songs. The episodes, like acts, follow the parados and stasima. The exodus is the final, leaving-the-stage choral ode. The kommos is an interchange between chorus and actors. See List of the Components of Greek Tragedy Prologue 1-150.(Priest, Oedipus, Creon) The priest summarizes the dismal plight of Thebes. Creon says the oracle of Apollo says the defiler responsible for the pestilence will have to be banished or pay with blood, since the crime was one of blood the killing of Oedipus predecessor, Laius. Oedipus promises to work for the revenge, which satisfies the priest. Parodos 151-215.The chorus summarizes the plight of Thebes and says it is fearful of what is to come. First Episode 216-462.(Oedipus, Tiresias) Oedipus says he will support the cause of finding the killer just as if Laius had been his own father. He curses those who will hinder the investigation. The chorus suggests he call on the soothsayer Tiresias. Tiresias enters led by a boy. Tiresias asks what hes been summoned for and when he hears he makes enigmatic statements about his wisdom not helping. The comments anger Oedipus. Tiresias tells Oedipus that he, Oedipus, is the defiler. Oedipus suggests that Tiresias is in cahoots with Creon, but Tiresias insists Oedipus is all to blame. Oedipus says that he didnt ask for the crown, it was given him as a result of solving the riddle of the sphinx and so ridding the city of its problems. Oedipus wonders why Tiresias didnt solve the sphinxs riddle if hes such a good soothsayer and says theyre scapegoating him. He then taunts the blind seer. Tiresias says Oedipus taunts about his blindness will come back to haunt him. When Oedipus orders Tiresias to leave, Tiresias reminds him he didnt want to come, but only came because Oedipus insisted. Oedipus asks Tiresias who his parents were. Tiresias replies that hell learn soon enough. Tiresias riddles that the defiler appears to be an alien, but is a native Theban, brother and father to his own children, and will leave Thebes as a beggar. Oedipus and Tiresias exit. First Stasimon 463-512.(Consisting of two strophes and the responsive antistrophes) The chorus describes the dilemmas, a man was named who is now trying to escape his fate. While Tiresias is mortal and can have made a mistake, the gods cant have done so. Second Episode 513-862.(Creon, Oedipus, Jocasta) Creon argues with Oedipus about whether or not he is trying to steal the throne. Jocasta comes in and tells the men to stop fighting and go home. The chorus urges Oedipus not to condemn a man who has always been honorable solely on the basis of a rumor. Creon exits. Jocasta wants to know what the men were arguing about. Oedipus says Creon accused him of shedding Laius blood. Jocasta says seers arent infallible. She relates a story: Seers told Laius that he would be killed by a son, but they pinned the babys feet together and left him to die on a mountain, so Apollo didnt make the son kill his father. Oedipus begins to see the light, asks for confirming details and says he thinks he has condemned himself with his curses. He asks who told Jocasta about Laius death at the junction of three roads. She replies it was a slave who is no longer at Thebes. Oedipus asks Jocasta to summon him. Oedipus tells his story, as he knows it: He was the son of Polybus of Corinth and Merope, or so he thought until a drunk told him he was illegitimate. He went to Delphi to learn the truth, and there heard that he would kill his father and sleep with his mother, so he left Corinth for good, coming to Thebes, where he has been since. Oedipus wants to know one thing from the slave whether it was true that Laius men were beset by a band of robbers or was it by a single man, since if it was a band, Oedipus will be in the clear. Jocasta says thats not the only point that should clear Oedipus her son had been killed in infancy, but she sends for the witness, anyway. Iocasta and Oedipus exit. Second Stasimon 863-910. The chorus sings of pride coming before a fall. It also says that the oracles must come true or he will never believe them again. Third Episode 911-1085.(Jocasta, Shepherd Messenger from Corinth, Oedipus) Recommended reading: Undoing in Sophoclean Drama: Lusis and the Analysis of Irony, by Simon Goldhill; Transactions of the American Philological Association (2009) Jocasta enters. She says she wants permission to go as a suppliant to a shrine because Oedipus fear has been contagious. A Corinthian Shepherd messenger enters. The messenger asks for the house of Oedipus and is told by the chorus which mentions that the woman standing there is the mother of Oedipus children. The messenger says the king of Corinth has died and Oedipus is to be made king. Oedipus enters. Oedipus learns that his father died of old age without Oedipus help. Oedipus tells Jocasta he must still fear the part of the prophecy about sharing his mothers bed. The Corinthian messenger tries to persuade Oedipus to return home to Corinth with him, but Oedipus declines, so the messenger assures Oedipus he has nothing to fear from the oracle, since the Corinthian king was not his father by blood. The Corinthian messenger was the shepherd who had presented the infant Oedipus to King Polybus. He had received the infant Oedipus from a Theban herdsman in the woods of Mt. Cithaeron. The Corinthian messenger-shepherd claims to have been Oedipus savior since he had taken out the pin that held the babys ankles together. Oedipus asks if anyone knows whether the Theban herdsman is around. The chorus tells him Jocasta would know best, but Jocasta asks him to give it up. When Oedipus insists, she says her last words to Oedipus (part of Oedipus curse was that no one should talk with those who brought the pestilence on Thebes, but as well soon see, its not just that curse shes responding to). Jocasta exits. Oedipus says Jocasta may be worried that Oedipus is base born. Third Stasimon 1086-1109. The chorus sings that Oedipus will acknowledge Thebes as his home. This short stasimon is called the cheerful chorus. For interpretation, see: The Third Stasimon of the Oedipus TyrannosDavid SansoneClassical Philology (1975). Fourth Episode 1110-1185.(Oedipus, Corinthian Shepherd, former Theban shepherd) Oedipus says he sees a man old enough to be the Theban herdsman. The former Theban herdsman enters. Oedipus asks the Corinthian herdsman if the man who has just entered is the man he referred to. The Corinthian herdsman says he is. Oedipus asks the newcomer if he was once in the employ of Laius. He says he was, as a shepherd, who led his sheep on Mt. Cithaeron, but he doesnt recognize the Corinthian. The Corinthian asks the Theban if he remembers having given him a baby. He then says the baby is now King Oedipus. The Theban curses him. Oedipus scolds the old Theban man and orders his hands tied, at which point the Theban agrees to answer the question, which is whether he had given the Corinthian herdsman a baby. When he agrees, Oedipus asks where he got the baby, to which the Theban reluctantly says the house of Laius. Further pressed, he says it was probably Laius son, but Jocasta would know better, since it was Jocasta who gave the child to him to dispose of because the prophecies told that that child would kill its father. Oedipus says hes been accursed and will see no more. Fourth Stasimon 1186-1222. The chorus comments on how no man should be counted blessed because bad fortune may be just around the corner. Exodos 1223-1530.(2nd Messenger, Oedipus, Creon) Messenger enters. He says Jocasta has killed herself. Oedipus finds her hanging, takes one of her brooches and pokes out his own eyes. Now he is having trouble because he needs assistance, yet wants to leave Thebes. The chorus wants to know why he blinded himself. Oedipus says it was Apollos he and his family suffer, but it was his own hand that did the blinding. He calls himself thrice cursed. He says if he could make himself deaf, too, he would. The chorus tells Oedipus that Creon approaches. Since Oedipus had falsely accused Creon, he asks what he should say. Creon enters. Creon tells Oedipus he isnt there to scold him. Creon tells the attendants to take Oedipus out of sight. Oedipus asks Creon to do him a favor that will help Creon to banish him. Creon says he could have done that, but hes not sure its the gods will. Oedipus asks to live on Mt. Cithaeron where he was supposed to have been cast. He asks Creon to look after his children. Attendants bring in Oedipus daughters Antigone and Ismene. Oedipus tells his daughters they have the same mother. He says no one is likely to want to marry them. He asks Creon to pity them, especially since they are kin. Although Oedipus wants to be banished, he doesnt want to leave his children. Creon tells him not to try to continue to be master. The chorus reiterates that no man should be counted happy until the end of his life. The End.

Australian rules footballer injured

Australian rules footballer injured Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Australian rules footballer injured ‘A professional Australian rules footballer injured when an opposition player makes physical contact with him in any manner whatsoever is prevented from successfully suing that opposition player for trespass to the person because all such professional footballers consent to the risk of physical injury when they play football†. Critically analyse this statement. In a game of football, the event of physical contact between players can result in not only physical repercussions but also legal consequences. Under civil law, a football player who has been trespassed or affronted by another player could potentially sue him on the grounds of trespass to the person. The law recognises that in most sports, physical contact is to be expected and as such, will only award damages to certain cases. In addition, professional footballers consent to the risk of physical injury, further limiting the prospects of launching successful legal action. Despit e this, physical contact can attract legal liability and professional footballers sometimes sue successfully – whether or not the judge awards him damages. Battery is the main type of trespass to the person action if a football player wants to sue an opposition player for making physical contact with him. It can be defined as a deliberate or negligent act that directly causes physical contact with another. It is actionable per se and therefore there does not need to be any quantifiable damage for there to be a viable action. However, in order to launch a successful action, all elements of battery must be proved in court. These elements include: directness of the act, positive action, interference and unlawful justification The concept of what constitutes directness has been the subject of some judicial debate. Two cases, Innes v Wylie[citation] and Haystead v Chief Constable of Derbyshire[citation] provide some clarification on this element. In Innes v Wylie, Denman CJ direct ed the jury that if the defendant had stood ‘entirely passive like a door or a wall put to prevent the plaintiff from entering the room’, this would not constitute a battery[citation]. Laws LJ further added in Haystead v Chief Constable of Derbyshire that the directness of the act could also be a â€Å"direct consequence of an application of force† [citation, at 13]. It is arguable that most of the physical contact present in football is not passive and this factor of directness would probably be conveniently supported in court through footage recorded from the match. If a player strikes an opposition player, which then causes him to fall down and sustain damage on his head, this could also attract legal liability as a result of Laws LJ judgement. The combination of this increased scope in liability and active nature of physical contact in football makes it significantly straightforward in arguing that there is an element of directness – should a professio nal football player want to sue under trespass to the person. Australian cases tend to support the proposition that hostility is not a necessary element to battery. In the case of Rixon v Star City Pty Ltd[citation], Sheller JA stated that:

Factors contributing to increase of obesity amongst women population Essay

Factors contributing to increase of obesity amongst women population within the United Kingdom - Essay Example This essay "Factors contributing to increase of obesity amongst women population within the United Kingdom" discusses the problem of the obesity among the women population of the UK. The main factor that is contributing to increase in obesity among women in the UK is poor dietary choices. Women are the leading consumers of foods with high calories and extra carbohydrates that are not utilised by their bodies (Kopelman, Caterson and Dietz, 2010). Eating fast food in restaurants during lunch breaks in the workplace, skipping of breakfast and consuming high-calorie drinks are some unhealthy eating habits that are common amongst women in the United Kingdom (Alters and Schiff, 2013). It is common for women to oversized portions and sweetened beverages that contain high levels of carbohydrates and other nutrients that contribute to accumulation of fat in the body. The second leading factor that is contributing to increase in obesity among women in the UK is sedentary lifestyle. Many women in the UK engage in less physically demanding work due to mechanised transport systems and labour-saving technologies in the workplace. In this case, women rarely engaged in physical fitness activities such as recycling or walking since they are committed in household duties or corporate work (Cappuccio, 2010). Accordingly, most of the women in the UK prefer relaxing in their houses while watching television, browsing the internet and playing computer games thus leading to excessive calories in the body that are stored as fat.